Programming4Interviews

  Python Cheat Sheet – QA + Interview Edition A Python data types and functions cheat sheet provides a concise summary of fundamental concepts for quick reference.  These resources typically cover: Python Data Types: Numeric Types:   int  (integers),  float  (floating-point numbers),  complex  (complex numbers). Sequence Types: str  (strings): Immutable sequences of characters. list : Mutable ordered sequences of items. tuple : Immutable ordered sequences of items. Mapping Type:   dict  (dictionaries): Mutable collections of key-value pairs. Set Types:   set  (mutable unordered collections of unique items),  frozenset  (immutable version of set). Boolean Type:   bool  (Boolean values:  True  or  False ). Key Functions and Operations: Type Conversion Functions:   int() ,  float() ,  str() ,  list() ,  tuple() ,  dict() ,  set() . Built-in Functions: ...

**Python Logic Muscle Roadmap – 75 Micro Challenges** --- ### ✅ Level 1: Core Logic & Flow (15 Questions) 1. Generate Fibonacci series up to N terms 2. Reverse a string 3. Find maximum and minimum in a list 4. Separate even and odd numbers from a list 5. Check if a string is a palindrome 6. Swap two variables without using third variable 7. Sum of digits in a numeric string 8. Find missing number from a list 9. Find second largest number in a list 10. Count digits, letters, and special characters in a string 11. Find all pairs in list that sum to a target 12. Count vowels and consonants in a string 13. Calculate factorial using loop 14. Find average of numbers in a list 15. Print multiplication table of a number --- ### 🔹 Level 2: Pattern-Based String & List Problems (10 Questions) 16. Check if two strings are anagrams 17. Remove duplicate elements from list/string 18. Count character frequency in a string 19. Group anagrams from a list of words 20. First non-repeating charact...

  Advanced OSPF & BGP Interview Questions & Answers - Mock Q&A Format Question 1: What are the different types of OSPF packets and their usage? Answer: Hello Packet : Initiates and maintains neighbor relationships (contains Router ID, Hello/Dead intervals). DBD (Database Description) : Summarizes LSDB, exchanged during Exstart/Exchange. LSR (Link State Request) : Requests specific LSAs. LSU (Link State Update) : Sends full LSA details. LSAck (Link State Acknowledgment) : Acknowledges receipt of LSAs. Question 2: How does OSPF prevent loops? Answer: OSPF uses  Dijkstra’s SPF algorithm  to calculate shortest paths. Intra-area: Each router maintains identical LSDBs, preventing loops. Inter-area: ABRs do not advertise LSAs back into the area from which they were received (split-horizon like behavior). Question 3: What are stub areas in OSPF? Answer: Stub Area : Allows LSA 1, 2, 3; blocks LSA 5. Totally Stubby Area : Allows only LSA 1 and 2; blocks 3, 5 (Cisco prop...

  WEEK 1: Python Fundamentals Question Bank Core Concepts & Practice What is the difference between input() and print()? Write a code that takes your name and prints a greeting. Create a program that converts temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit. Demonstrate usage of all types of operators: arithmetic, logical, comparison, assignment, bitwise. Write a script that swaps two variables without using a third variable. Use type(), id(), isinstance() on different variables. Show string slicing with negative indices. Reverse a string. Write code to count vowels in a sentence using a loop. Use split(), strip(), lower(), upper(), replace(), find(), startswith(), and endswith() on a sample string. Built-in Function Practice Practice with: len(), max(), min(), sum(), sorted(), reversed(), enumerate(), zip(), chr(), ord(), round() WEEK 2: Intermediate + OOP Basics Question Bank Data Structures & File Handling Create a dictionary of students and their marks. Print average marks. Sort ...

  Easy Questions: Python: What is a list comprehension in Python? Python: How do you create a virtual environment in Python? Network Automation Testing: What is network automation? Network Automation Testing: Explain the purpose of network automation testing. Protocols Testing: What is BGP and why is it used? Protocols Testing: Describe the TCP three-way handshake. Good Coding Skills: What is the difference between a for loop and a while loop? Python: How do you handle exceptions in Python? Network Automation Testing: What is Ansible and how is it used in network automation? Protocols Testing: What is OSPF and how does it work? Medium Questions: Python: Explain the difference between  deepcopy  and  shallow copy . Python: How do you use decorators in Python? Network Automation Testing: Describe the process of automating network configuration using Python. Network Automation Testing: What are the benefits of using network automation tools? Protocols Testing: How does ...

## ✅ **Networking + Protocols Quick Recap** | Topic        | Key Concept / Tool | Details / Examples | |--------------|--------------------|---------------------| | **VLAN**     | Native VLAN        | Untagged traffic on trunk (default VLAN 1) | |              | Inter-VLAN Routing | Requires router-on-a-stick or Layer 3 switch | |              | Troubleshooting    | `show vlan brief`, `show interfaces trunk` | | **OSPF**     | LSA Types          | Type 1–7 (internal, summary, external, NSSA) | |              | States             | Down, Init, 2-Way, ExStart, Exchange, Loading, Full | |              | DR/BDR             | Only in broadcast/NBMA, not in P2P | |           ...

 #1. Write a Python script to extract all IP addresses from a given text using regular expressions. input='''Router# show versionCisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) GS Software (RSP-JV-M), Experimental Version 11.1(12816) [getchell 108] Copyright (c) 1986-1996 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Mon 03-Jun-96 11:39 by getchell Image text-base: 0x600108A0, data-base: 0x60910000 ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 5.3(16645) [szhang 571], INTERIM SOFTWARE Router uptime is 4 minutes System restarted by reload System image file is "slot0:dirt/vip2/master/rsp-jv-mz.960603", booted via tftp from 172.18.2.3 cisco RSP2 (R4600) processor with 24576K bytes of memory. R4600 processor, Implementation 32, Revision 2.0 Last reset from power-on G.703/E1 software, Version 1.0. SuperLAT software copyright 1990 by Meridian Technology Corp). Bridging software. X.25 software, Version 2.0, NET2, BFE and GOSIP compliant. TN3270 Emulation software (copyright 1994 by TGV Inc). P...

 Python & Automation (7 Questions) 1. How would you automate the process of logging into a remote Cisco device and fetching its configuration using Python? 2. Write a Python script to read a large log file and extract lines containing a specific error message. 3. What’s the difference between threading and multiprocessing in Python? When would you use each in automation? 4. How do you handle exceptions in a large test automation framework to prevent test crashes? 5. Given a JSON file containing network configurations, write a Python script to extract and print all IP addresses. 6. Explain the use of Robot Framework in network automation. How would you validate network commands using Robot? 7. What are Python generators, and how can they improve efficiency in handling large network logs? Networking (6 Questions) 8. What happens at each step when you type ping 8.8.8.8 in a terminal? 9. Explain how OSPF neighbor relationships are formed and what...