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  Python Cheat Sheet – QA + Interview Edition A Python data types and functions cheat sheet provides a concise summary of fundamental concepts for quick reference.  These resources typically cover: Python Data Types: Numeric Types:   int  (integers),  float  (floating-point numbers),  complex  (complex numbers). Sequence Types: str  (strings): Immutable sequences of characters. list : Mutable ordered sequences of items. tuple : Immutable ordered sequences of items. Mapping Type:   dict  (dictionaries): Mutable collections of key-value pairs. Set Types:   set  (mutable unordered collections of unique items),  frozenset  (immutable version of set). Boolean Type:   bool  (Boolean values:  True  or  False ). Key Functions and Operations: Type Conversion Functions:   int() ,  float() ,  str() ,  list() ,  tuple() ,  dict() ,  set() . Built-in Functions: ...

**Python Logic Muscle Roadmap – 75 Micro Challenges** --- ### ✅ Level 1: Core Logic & Flow (15 Questions) 1. Generate Fibonacci series up to N terms 2. Reverse a string 3. Find maximum and minimum in a list 4. Separate even and odd numbers from a list 5. Check if a string is a palindrome 6. Swap two variables without using third variable 7. Sum of digits in a numeric string 8. Find missing number from a list 9. Find second largest number in a list 10. Count digits, letters, and special characters in a string 11. Find all pairs in list that sum to a target 12. Count vowels and consonants in a string 13. Calculate factorial using loop 14. Find average of numbers in a list 15. Print multiplication table of a number --- ### 🔹 Level 2: Pattern-Based String & List Problems (10 Questions) 16. Check if two strings are anagrams 17. Remove duplicate elements from list/string 18. Count character frequency in a string 19. Group anagrams from a list of words 20. First non-repeating charact...

  Advanced OSPF & BGP Interview Questions & Answers - Mock Q&A Format Question 1: What are the different types of OSPF packets and their usage? Answer: Hello Packet : Initiates and maintains neighbor relationships (contains Router ID, Hello/Dead intervals). DBD (Database Description) : Summarizes LSDB, exchanged during Exstart/Exchange. LSR (Link State Request) : Requests specific LSAs. LSU (Link State Update) : Sends full LSA details. LSAck (Link State Acknowledgment) : Acknowledges receipt of LSAs. Question 2: How does OSPF prevent loops? Answer: OSPF uses  Dijkstra’s SPF algorithm  to calculate shortest paths. Intra-area: Each router maintains identical LSDBs, preventing loops. Inter-area: ABRs do not advertise LSAs back into the area from which they were received (split-horizon like behavior). Question 3: What are stub areas in OSPF? Answer: Stub Area : Allows LSA 1, 2, 3; blocks LSA 5. Totally Stubby Area : Allows only LSA 1 and 2; blocks 3, 5 (Cisco prop...