End to End Networking Flow

 

End-to-End Networking Flow

StepDescriptionConfiguration Example
1User A initiates communication: User A sends a data packet from their device.N/A
2Data packet reaches Switch A: The packet is sent to the local switch (Switch A) connected to User A.interface GigabitEthernet0/1
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 10
3Switch A processes the packet: Switch A checks its MAC address table to determine the destination port.show mac address-table
4Switch A forwards the packet: The packet is forwarded to the router (Router A) connected to Switch A.interface GigabitEthernet0/2
switchport mode trunk
5Router A receives the packet: Router A examines the packet's destination IP address.interface GigabitEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
6Router A routes the packet: Router A uses its routing table to determine the best path to the destination network.show ip route
7Packet traverses the network: The packet is forwarded through intermediate routers towards the destination network.ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.1
8Router B receives the packet: The packet reaches the router (Router B) connected to the destination network.interface GigabitEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
9Router B processes the packet: Router B examines the destination IP address and forwards the packet to the local switch (Switch B).show ip route
10Switch B receives the packet: Switch B checks its MAC address table to determine the destination port.show mac address-table
11Switch B forwards the packet: The packet is forwarded to the destination device (User B).interface GigabitEthernet0/1
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 20
12User B receives the packet: User B's device receives the data packet, completing the communication.N/A

Detailed Explanation with Configuration Examples:

  1. User A initiates communication: User A's device creates a data packet with the destination IP address of User B.
  2. Data packet reaches Switch A: The packet is sent to Switch A, which is the first network device in the path.
    • Configuration Example:
      interface GigabitEthernet0/1
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 10
  3. Switch A processes the packet: Switch A uses its MAC address table to determine which port to forward the packet to.
    • Configuration Example:
      show mac address-table
  4. Switch A forwards the packet: The packet is forwarded to Router A, which is connected to Switch A.
    • Configuration Example:
      interface GigabitEthernet0/2
switchport mode trunk
  5. Router A receives the packet: Router A examines the packet's destination IP address to determine the next hop.
    • Configuration Example:
      interface GigabitEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
  6. Router A routes the packet: Router A uses its routing table to find the best path to the destination network and forwards the packet accordingly.
    • Configuration Example:
      show ip route
  7. Packet traverses the network: The packet travels through intermediate routers, each using their routing tables to forward the packet towards the destination network.
    • Configuration Example:
      ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.1
  8. Router B receives the packet: The packet reaches Router B, which is connected to the destination network.
    • Configuration Example:
      interface GigabitEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
  9. Router B processes the packet: Router B examines the destination IP address and forwards the packet to Switch B.
    • Configuration Example:
      show ip route
  10. Switch B receives the packet: Switch B uses its MAC address table to determine which port to forward the packet to.
    • Configuration Example:
      show mac address-table
  11. Switch B forwards the packet: The packet is forwarded to User B's device.
    • Configuration Example:
      interface GigabitEthernet0/1
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 20
  12. User B receives the packet: User B's device receives the data packet, completing the end-to-end communication.

This flow ensures that data is transmitted efficiently and accurately from User A to User B, passing through switches and routers along the way.

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