Programming4Interviews

  WEEK 1: Python Fundamentals Question Bank Core Concepts & Practice What is the difference between input() and print()? Write a code that takes your name and prints a greeting. Create a program that converts temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit. Demonstrate usage of all types of operators: arithmetic, logical, comparison, assignment, bitwise. Write a script that swaps two variables without using a third variable. Use type(), id(), isinstance() on different variables. Show string slicing with negative indices. Reverse a string. Write code to count vowels in a sentence using a loop. Use split(), strip(), lower(), upper(), replace(), find(), startswith(), and endswith() on a sample string. Built-in Function Practice Practice with: len(), max(), min(), sum(), sorted(), reversed(), enumerate(), zip(), chr(), ord(), round() WEEK 2: Intermediate + OOP Basics Question Bank Data Structures & File Handling Create a dictionary of students and their marks. Print average marks. Sort ...

  Easy Questions: Python: What is a list comprehension in Python? Python: How do you create a virtual environment in Python? Network Automation Testing: What is network automation? Network Automation Testing: Explain the purpose of network automation testing. Protocols Testing: What is BGP and why is it used? Protocols Testing: Describe the TCP three-way handshake. Good Coding Skills: What is the difference between a for loop and a while loop? Python: How do you handle exceptions in Python? Network Automation Testing: What is Ansible and how is it used in network automation? Protocols Testing: What is OSPF and how does it work? Medium Questions: Python: Explain the difference between  deepcopy  and  shallow copy . Python: How do you use decorators in Python? Network Automation Testing: Describe the process of automating network configuration using Python. Network Automation Testing: What are the benefits of using network automation tools? Protocols Testing: How does ...

## ✅ **Networking + Protocols Quick Recap** | Topic        | Key Concept / Tool | Details / Examples | |--------------|--------------------|---------------------| | **VLAN**     | Native VLAN        | Untagged traffic on trunk (default VLAN 1) | |              | Inter-VLAN Routing | Requires router-on-a-stick or Layer 3 switch | |              | Troubleshooting    | `show vlan brief`, `show interfaces trunk` | | **OSPF**     | LSA Types          | Type 1–7 (internal, summary, external, NSSA) | |              | States             | Down, Init, 2-Way, ExStart, Exchange, Loading, Full | |              | DR/BDR             | Only in broadcast/NBMA, not in P2P | |           ...

 #1. Write a Python script to extract all IP addresses from a given text using regular expressions. input='''Router# show versionCisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) GS Software (RSP-JV-M), Experimental Version 11.1(12816) [getchell 108] Copyright (c) 1986-1996 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Mon 03-Jun-96 11:39 by getchell Image text-base: 0x600108A0, data-base: 0x60910000 ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 5.3(16645) [szhang 571], INTERIM SOFTWARE Router uptime is 4 minutes System restarted by reload System image file is "slot0:dirt/vip2/master/rsp-jv-mz.960603", booted via tftp from 172.18.2.3 cisco RSP2 (R4600) processor with 24576K bytes of memory. R4600 processor, Implementation 32, Revision 2.0 Last reset from power-on G.703/E1 software, Version 1.0. SuperLAT software copyright 1990 by Meridian Technology Corp). Bridging software. X.25 software, Version 2.0, NET2, BFE and GOSIP compliant. TN3270 Emulation software (copyright 1994 by TGV Inc). P...

 Python & Automation (7 Questions) 1. How would you automate the process of logging into a remote Cisco device and fetching its configuration using Python? 2. Write a Python script to read a large log file and extract lines containing a specific error message. 3. What’s the difference between threading and multiprocessing in Python? When would you use each in automation? 4. How do you handle exceptions in a large test automation framework to prevent test crashes? 5. Given a JSON file containing network configurations, write a Python script to extract and print all IP addresses. 6. Explain the use of Robot Framework in network automation. How would you validate network commands using Robot? 7. What are Python generators, and how can they improve efficiency in handling large network logs? Networking (6 Questions) 8. What happens at each step when you type ping 8.8.8.8 in a terminal? 9. Explain how OSPF neighbor relationships are formed and what...

  What is TACACS and how does it differ from RADIUS? TACACS is mainly used to authentication,authorization and accounting of entire process whereas Radius server uses AAA only to encrypt password and doesn't encrypt or monitor the whole process. TACACs is cisco proprietary and uses port 49 whereas Radius is IETF standard used globally and uses port 1812 and 1813. Radius server combines both Authentication and Authorization and gives minimum or only login accouting part whereas Tacacs checks for user authentication and priviledges allowed during authorization step and accounts each and every step/command from login to logout of the user. TACACS+ is used for authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) of the entire process. TACACS+ is Cisco proprietary and uses port 49, while RADIUS is an IETF standard using ports 1812 and 1813. TACACS+ separates authentication and authorization, whereas RADIUS combines them. TACACS+ encrypts the entire packet, providing enhanced security, ...

  End-to-End Networking Flow Step Description Configuration Example 1 User A initiates communication : User A sends a data packet from their device. N/A 2 Data packet reaches Switch A : The packet is sent to the local switch (Switch A) connected to User A. interface GigabitEthernet0/1 switchport mode access switchport access vlan 10 3 Switch A processes the packet : Switch A checks its MAC address table to determine the destination port. show mac address-table 4 Switch A forwards the packet : The packet is forwarded to the router (Router A) connected to Switch A. interface GigabitEthernet0/2 switchport mode trunk 5 Router A receives the packet : Router A examines the packet's destination IP address. interface GigabitEthernet0/0 ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 6 Router A routes the packet : Router A uses its routing table to determine the best path to the destination network. show ip route 7 Packet traverses the network : The packet is forwarded through intermediate routers tow...